How is the electromagnetic spectrum typically measured?

The electromagnetic spectrum is fundamentally characterized by properties related to energy, frequency, and wavelength. Each of these aspects is interrelated and provides critical insights into the behavior and characteristics of electromagnetic radiation.

Energy refers to the capacity that electromagnetic waves have to perform work or produce changes, which can be influenced by their frequency and wavelength. Frequency is the number of cycles of a wave that occur per second and is typically measured in hertz (Hz). Wavelength, on the other hand, is the distance between successive crests of a wave and is usually measured in meters.

The relationship among these properties is defined by the formula: speed of light = frequency x wavelength. When one of these measurements is known, the other two can be calculated. This interdependence makes these three parameters crucial for understanding and interpreting the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes a range of radiation types from radio waves to gamma rays.

The other options, while measuring various phenomena in physics and electrical engineering, do not apply to the electromagnetic spectrum's measurement. Intensity and power pertain more to the energy output of a source rather than the inherent properties of electromagnetic waves. Voltage and resistance, as well as current and capacitance, relate more specifically to electrical circuits rather than the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation